![]() ![]() This insightful encyclopedia examines the most influential commanders who have shaped military history and the course of world events from ancient times to the present. Covers all key battles, land and sea, and their impacts, as well as the critical technological developments that affected the war's outcomes.Includes a chronologically organized document volume that enables students to examine the sources of historical information firsthand.Supplies detailed analyses and explanations of the events before, during, and after World War I, such as how the results of the war set the stage for the global Great Depression of the 1930s, as well as detailed biographical data on key military and civilian individuals during World War I.Provides comprehensive coverage of the causes of the war that allows readers to fully understand the complex origins of such a monumental conflict.Offering exhaustive coverage, detailed analyses, and the latest historical interpretations of events, this expansive, five-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and detailed reference source on the First World War available today. Named Booklist, Editors’ Choice: Reference Sources, 2014. Ultimately the ability of Hindenburg and Ludendorff to visualize and direct tactical actions in strategic context makes them practitioners of what the US Army calls operational art.Įditor (with Spencer Tucker), author of 33 short articles, sole compiler/editor, Vol. Finally, they maintained an appropriate balance of risk by understanding the political and strategic environment and made decisions that exploited opportunities relying on information from subordinates and new aerial reconnaissance. Secondly, this understanding enabled them to sequence their maneuver and mass combat power through phasing and transition. First, they understood the terrain and its impact on the tempo of forces around the Masurian Lakes. They employed three primary elements of operational art that gave them an edge over their Russian adversary. They visualized tactical actions to support that strategy and acted on them in a Prussian style of Auftragstaktik. The two leaders employed the Army’s framework of operational art by recognizing how their operations in East Prussia nested with Germany’s Grand Strategy. The victory at Tannenberg was due in large part to the ability of General Paul von Hindenburg, and his Chief of Staff General Erich Ludendorff. It led to the destruction of an entire Russian Army and provided hope to a nation that was soon to be bogged down in a stalemated war. The Russians had lost 125,000 men, ten times the German losses.The battle of Tannenberg was a defining victory for Germany in the first months of World War I. On the third day (29 August), the I Corp completed the encirclement of the Russian army, after which Samsonov was never heard from again, and his army disintegrated. The German XCII and I Reserve Corps pushed back the Russian right, the I Corps their left, and the XX Corps attacked their centre. Unbelievably, the Russians were using uncoded radio transmissions, and by this point the Germans knew exactly where the Russian troops were. On 24 August the Russian advance was halted at the battle of Orlau-Frankenau by the German XX Corps, which then withdrew to Tannenberg. After a series of minor defeats against the Russians, the Germans placed General Paul von Hindenburg in command of the eastern front, with General Erich Ludendorff as his chief of staff, and on 22 August, before leaving for the east, Ludendorff put in place a plan to attack the Russian Second Army under General Alexander Samsonov, ignoring for the moment the Russian First Army. ![]() Battle of the First World War a crushing German victory over the Russians invading East Prussia. ![]()
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